Category: Education

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Celebrating Women’s History Month: Artist Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun

Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun, “Self-Portrait with Her Daughter, Julie,” 1787, oil on wood (105 × 84 cm), Musée du Louvre, Paris.

I remember studying Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun’s “Self-Portrait with Her Daughter, Julie” back in my university days. She was a single mother like myself at the time, and an influential figure to my career. 

During my first visit to Austria, I had a long layover in Vienna, so I hopped on the train and took it over to the Kunsthistorisches Museum. Not knowing which works, specifically, to expect to see, I eventually found myself standing directly in front of a Vigée Le Brun (room VII).

The good news is that there is no need to go all the way to Austria to see Vigée Le Brun’s work. Her portrait “Julie Le Brun as Flora”(1799) can be viewed at the Museum of Fine Arts in St. Petersburg right here in Florida. It is a beautiful portrait that muses her daughter as the Roman goddess of flowers during Vigée Le Brun’s period of exile from France. It was painted in St. Petersburg, Russia, enveloping the Neoclassical exquisition mirrored in many of her works done for her elite clientele. For South Floridians, St. Pete’s may be a bit of a drive, but for art lovers, Vigée Le Brun’s masterpieces are definitely worth checking out.

Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun. Vigée Le Brun emerged in late‑18th‑century France as one of the most gifted portraitists of her generation. She rose to prominence at a time when women artists faced steep institutional barriers. Born in Paris in 1755 to a modest, artistic family, she absorbed the fundamentals of painting early. She quickly surpassed the expectations set for her. 

By her early 20s, Vigée Le Brun had become a sought‑after portrait painter among the aristocracy. She was admired for her ability to capture warmth, elegance, and psychological presence. Her refined style was identified in luminous skin tones, expressive eyes, and a gentle naturalism that distinguished her forms separately from the more rigid academic conventions of the era. Vigée Le Brun’s talent and reputation eventually brought her into the inner circle of Queen Marie Antoinette, and she ended up painting for the queen more than two dozen portraits. This ultimately solidified her status as one of the most influential artists at court.

Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun, “Marie Antoinette, Archduchess of Austria, Queen of France,” ca. 1792–1795, oil on canvas, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.

However, the French Revolution dramatically altered the course of Vigée Le Brun’s life. Branded as too closely tied to the monarchy, she fled France in 1789 with her young daughter and spent more than a decade in exile. Still, she continued working across Italy, Austria, Russia, and Germany. This was far from a diminishing career, because this period expanded her international acclaim. Vigée Le Brun became a celebrated portraitist in nearly every European capital she visited.

When she finally returned to France in 1801, she resumed painting and later published her memoirs, which offered vivid insight into the cultural and political upheavals that she had witnessed. Vigée Le Brun’s long, prolific life ended in 1842, leaving behind an extraordinary body of work that continues to shape our understanding of portraiture, femininity, and artistic agency in the tumultuous age that bridged the Enlightenment and the modern world.

Julie Le Brun as Flora, Roman goddess of flowers. Vigée Le Brun’s “Julie Le Brun as Flora” carries within it the quiet architecture of its “living geometry” that creates a portrait. In this painting, her daughter Julie becomes a sort of moving axis. The soft oval of her face acts as the focal chamber, while the drapery and floral garland spiral outward like a gentle vortex. Vigée Le Brun always painted emotion as if it were a natural law. For example, the use of light behaves like breath, her color use behaves like memory, and the rosy warmth across Julie’s cheeks in this painting shares with the viewer that it is not merely pigment used, but the maternal gaze translated by form. The work reflects a kind of visual heartbeat.

Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun, “Julie Le Brun as Flora” (1799), painting, oil on canvas (129.5 x 97.8 cm), Museum of Fine Arts, St. Petersburg, Florida.

The composition adheres to Vigée Le Brun’s signature principle—to which the subject is not placed in the world but emerges from it, as if the figure is the vanishing point of the portraitist’s own atmosphere.

The significance that this portrait was painted in St. Petersburg, Russia, adds a historical resonance. While Vigée Le Brun created it during her exile, it was subsequently when she was embraced by the Russian imperial court. Here, she found a second artistic home far from the turbulence of revolutionary France. It was in St. Petersburg, which for her became the stage where she rebuilt her identity. Also, painting Julie there meant capturing her daughter not only as Flora, the goddess of spring, but as a fragile anchor in a life uprooted. Clearly, the Russian light, colder and more crystalline than Vigée Le Brun’s Parisian glow of origin, subtly influenced the integrity on the palette. The whites are indeed sharper, the shadows are more silvery, and the flowers are almost trembling with northern clarity (e.g., a Dutch vanitas or early German/Flemish naturalism).

The fact that this Russian-born painting, “Julie Le Brun as Flora,” now resides in St. Petersburg, Florida, inflects a kind of accidental transcontinental echo within the chambers of its subject matter. The artwork’s journey mirrors Vigée Le Brun’s own across borders, climates, and political eras. Its presence in St. Petersburg, FL, is as if that duality itself, of exile and arrival, old world and new, deepens the portrait’s aura, making its current location feel almost fated. Coincidence?

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The ancient story of Valentine’s Day

In a world of conspiracy theories and cynicism, it’s hard not to believe that Valentine’s Day was created by Hallmark to sell more cards in the winter. So it may shock some readers that the story of Valentine’s Day spanned millennia.

The symbol of Valentine’s Day, Cupid, was personified in Roman and Greek mythology before the Saint Valentine and formal establishment of Valentine’s Day.

Cupid is the Roman counterpart of Eros, in Greek mythology. The son of Venus (the goddess of love) and Mars (the god of war), Cupid plays a significant role in countless myths regarding the hearts of mortals and gods alike.

The myth of Cupid we remember the most is that his arrows—one gold-tipped set to inspire irresistible love, the other lead-tipped for hatred and immediate aversion—are used to affect the hearts of his targets. The Roman Cupid is often depicted as a playful, often blindfolded child, representing the mischievous, unpredictable, and irrational nature of love.

With the coming of Christianity to the Roman Empire, so came the official Valentine’s Day. Historians debate on the origin of Saint Valentine—some believe it was a combination of two, possibly three men—but they all share a similar story about the saint martyred by a Roman emperor on Feb. 14, so it could just be the fog of history clouding the origin story of the saint.

One popular legend is that a priest, Saint Valentine of Rome, decried the injustice of a Roman emperor, Claudius II, who favored a policy of outlawing marriage for young men, as he believed that single young men made better soldiers. As a local priest, Saint Valentine continued to perform secret marriages for young lovers, defying the imperial decree, until his arrest.

In one account, while under arrest, Saint Valentine is said to have healed the daughter of the local judge, Asterius, who had asked the priest what he could do. The legend speaks of the priest praying for the daughter, and her eyesight was restored, resulting in the conversion of Asterius.

The saint was later arrested again by the prefect of Rome and Emperor Claudius II. After failing to be persuaded by Saint Valentine, and refusing to embrace Christianity, Claudius ordered the death of the priest. He was martyred in Rome on Feb. 21, 269, according to official Catholic hagiographical sources. Pope Gelasius I in 496 declared Feb. 14 to be a feast date to remember his martyrdom for the cause of love and faith.

Before his execution, Saint Valentine wrote to Asterius’s daughter and signed “From your Valentine,” which has since inspired many romantic missives.

The Romans historically celebrated a festival dedicated to the god of agriculture on Feb. 13–15, where matchmaking was often practiced, and it continued into the celebration of Valentine’s Day after the 5th century.

By the time of the Middle Ages, Saint Valentine’s day appeared in many works of literature. Geoffrey Chaucer, the English poet from the 14th century, is credited for poems celebrating Valentine’s Day as a day for lovebirds. One poem attributed to him honors the engagement of King Richard II and Anne of Bohemia. In the poem, it references the idea of lovebirds:

For this was on Saint Valentine’s Day

When every fowl comes there to choose his match

Of every kind that men may think of …

The French also wrote Valentine’s messages around that time. One recorded message was from Charles, Duke of Orleans, to his wife, while he was held prisoner in the Tower of London by the English after the Battle of Agincourt. The letter referred to his wife, “Ma tres doulce Valentinée,” or in English, “My very sweet Valentine.”

Shakespeare also mentioned Saint Valentine in the play “Hamlet”:

To-morrow is Saint Valentine’s day,

All in the morning betime,

And I a maid at your window,

To be your Valentine.

Then up he rose, and donn’d his clothes,

And dupp’d the chamber-door;

Let in the maid, that out a maid

Never departed more.

By the 1700s, books like “The Young Man’s Valentine Writer” were offering suggested verses for not-so-romantic young men, to help compose their version of love poems. Soon, with the wider availability of printers, preprinted cards started to appear, with verses or sketches for sending paper valentines.

Many of the cards featured the winged Cupid, which is still used today as a symbol of Valentine’s Day. It was popular to mail these premade cards by the early 1800s, even though postage was expensive then. By 1850, it was stated that “Saint Valentine’s Day … is becoming … a national holiday.”

Chocolate maker Cadbury first sold its decorated box of chocolates in 1968 to help young lovebirds exchange as gifts, and by the 20th century, the practice extended to all manners of gifts, like jewelry.

The celebration of the day of love extends beyond the traditional Christian nations. Valentine’s Day is celebrated worldwide, with the Chinese and South Koreans spending the most on Valentine’s gifts in Asia. In South Korea, tradition states that women give men chocolates on Feb. 14, and men give non-chocolate candy to women on March 14. Those who did not receive any Valentine’s candy would eat black noodles, lamenting their “single life.”

For those who are suspicious of the commercial nature of Valentine’s Day, it may be refreshing to learn that Valentine’s Day—and Cupid—was not born out of a corporate boardroom as some may suggest. It is a living remembrance of a man who died believing in love, and ancient mythology celebrating the unpredictable nature of love. Like the blind Cupid, it may be a mystery as to why we love someone, but we all walk the long journey of those before us, who have loved unconditionally; and for one day, we celebrate that and exchange gifts to show that affection.

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Exploring science in West Palm Beach

“Open Every Mind to Science”—that’s the slogan of the Cox Science Center and Aquarium in West Palm Beach. It provides visitors, schools, and campers with science programming and tech ventures based on computer coding, robotics, and other science programs. Although it’s not as large as some other science centers, the Cox Center offers an educational and entertaining experience, especially for kids. It has interesting displays, both inside and out. I went to check it out this summer with a friend.

The Cox Center occupies Dreher Park alongside the Palm Beach Zoo, and visitors can get deals for entrance into both facilities. Formerly the South Florida Science Center and Aquarium, this museum has been serving Palm Beach County since 1961, and it’s undergone much renovation and expansion since then. It’s in the midst of an expansion project right now, and we had to walk past construction zones to get into the main building, but it’s still worth a visit. The grand opening to the public is targeted for 2027.

In November 2021, the facility announced its expansion plans along with a name change, thanks to a record donation from Howard and Wendy Cox: “Their $20 million lead gift serves as the keystone for a $115 million capital expansion campaign to take the new Cox Science Center and Aquarium into the future with expanded exhibit and programming spaces, including one of Florida’s largest aquariums.” This expansion plan will also include a three-story, state-of-the-art building with a larger exhibition gallery, enhanced programming spaces, and a full-scale restaurant.

However, Cox has already dramatically renovated its campus in the past decade, including a reconstruction of its 5,000-square-foot Hall of Discovery, a full-dome planetarium, a 1,000-square-foot early childhood exhibit, more than 80 interactive exhibits, a modernized theater, and a new science laboratory. The facility serves more than 300,000 visitors annually, including 130,000 through field trips and educational outreach into schools and classrooms. While we were there, summer camps were going on, and the kids were having a blast.

“Engineers on a Roll” is a hands-on exhibit specially designed for young children, combining elements of an engineering lab, playscape, and climbing area, focused on introducing basic engineering, science, and math concepts through play. There’s a “river of balls” that children can direct, sort, and experiment with, encouraging them to explore and learn.

If ocean learning sparks young ones’ curiosity, they can check out Explorers’ Cove, where little adventurers can dive into a world of ocean discovery, with up-close investigations and interactive adventures. Kids can look for sea treasures, climb through an underwater adventure, and look through microscopes for close-up views of ocean life.

In the Florida Exhibit Hall are “Aquariums of the Atlantic,” with 10,000 gallons of water housing native fish such as queen angels, spadefish, moray eels, and stingrays. The different habitats on display here will take you through the depths of our coral reefs and Florida’s diverse ecosystems of the Everglades, the Gulf Stream, and the open ocean.

Outside in “the backyard” of the museum, there’s a quarter-mile-long Fisher Family Science Trail, which connects 15 new exhibits, including the FPL SolarScape, an interactive splash pad, a gem panning station, an amphitheater featuring live science shows and seasonal concerts, and and a dinosaur walk. Dino Trek, the cool dinosaur garden, drew in even us older visitors. Families can imagine trekking through a prehistoric wonderland and pose for pictures in front of the life-size dinosaurs.

For more adventure, there is a limited-time exhibition, Mission Aerospace, which invites visitors to “embark on a multilayered exploration of aviation history, aerospace milestones, and some of NASA’s trail-blazing discoveries that are shaping our world every day.” For an additional cost, explorers can go on this mission through Sept. 28 and learn about NASA’s exciting new vision for the future, its research, and the global benefits it’s providing. Group discounts are available.

So, Cox Science Center is constantly growing and expanding and bringing more mind-opening science fun to families in South Florida. You may have to pardon their dust for a while, but a trip there may be well worth it in your near future.

The Cox Science Center and Aquarium is open Monday to Friday from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., and on Saturday and Sunday from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. For more information, go to www.coxsciencecenter.org.

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Back to school without the breakdown: A parent’s guide

Summer flew by in a blur of sunscreen, pool days, and late bedtimes. Now it’s August, and the back-to-school countdown is on. Whether your child is starting kindergarten, heading into middle school, or gearing up for high school, the shift from summer mode to school mode is real. And while the kids are the ones picking out backpacks and supplies, parents are along for every step of the ride.

Before the chaos kicks in, take a moment to breathe. We’ve put together this practical, no-nonsense guide with tips from local parents and teachers who’ve been there. It’s everything you need to start the school year feeling a little more ready—and a lot less stressed.

 

  1. Start Bedtime Boot Camp

As the first day of school gets closer, it helps to gradually shift back to earlier bedtimes and wake-up times. Starting this a week or two in advance can make the transition smoother for everyone. Getting back into a routine now can mean less stress—and fewer struggles—once school mornings begin.

 

  1. Keep the Drop-Off Line Moving

A quick reminder: The car line is meant for drop-offs, not long chats. Staying efficient helps everyone get through the morning smoothly—especially those on a tight schedule.

 

  1. Master the Art of the “Grab-and-Go”
    Breakfast doesn’t need to be fancy—just functional. Think yogurt tubes, banana muffins, overnight oats. Anything they can eat one-handed while looking for a missing shoe.

 

  1. Buy Twice the School Supplies
    Glue sticks vanish. Scissors walk away. Crayons break on impact. Buy extra while it’s cheap and hide a backup stash somewhere safe (a.k.a. where your kids will never look).

 

  1. Establish the After-School Game Plan
    Whether it’s sports, homework, or general decompressing, having a rough routine helps prevent that 3 p.m. chaos from turning into full-blown meltdown hour—for both of you.

 

  1. Set Email Boundaries
    At the elementary school level, you’re going to get emails. Lots of them. From teachers, the PTO, class parents, fundraising committees, and people you didn’t know had your address. Pick a day (or two) to check and respond—it’s the best way to stay in the loop without getting overwhelmed.

 

  1. Stock the Car with Emergency Snacks
    You might think you’re just picking up your child from school, but chances are you’re greeting a very hungry kid who hasn’t eaten since lunch. Keeping a few snacks in the car can make the ride home a lot smoother—for both of you.

 

  1. Don’t Try to Do It All
    You don’t have to sign up for every volunteer slot, bring in themed snacks, or keep track of every spirit day. Focus on what feels manageable for your family, and let the rest go. Most kids won’t remember the little details—but they will remember that you showed up when it counted.

 

  1. Prep for the Sick Day Shuffle.
    It’s coming. Someone will get a mystery fever at the worst possible time. Keep medicine, saltines, and backup child-care plans in place before it hits.

 

  1. Celebrate the Little Wins.
    Lunches packed? That’s a win. Everyone wore shoes to school? Celebrate it. Some days, survival is the victory.

 

Back-to-school is never seamless. There will be forgotten forms, mismatched socks, and days when dinner is just cereal. But there will also be growth, milestones, and the occasional sweet, quiet moment when you realize—you’re doing okay.

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What to do during a food recall

If there are times when it seems that a food recall is constantly in the news, that’s partly thanks to the continuous monitoring that happens to ensure that food stays safe. The systems that are used to identify potential problems have gotten more efficient.

While there are a few reasons a food may be recalled, the good news is that there are ways to stay informed and reduce your risk of getting sick from certain foods.

Why Is Food Recalled?

Food recalls are typically issued by food producers. This may happen if a food is mislabeled, if they believe the food is contaminated, or when a food has been linked to a foodborne illness. Some examples might include undeclared tree nuts found in ice cream, elevated levels of lead in applesauce, or potential botulism in canned food.

A foodborne illness outbreak happens when at least two people get the same illness from the same type of food or drink. Some examples include listeria in a specific brand of cheese, salmonella in eggs, or E. coli in carrots. The Food and Drug Administration, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and local health agencies monitor and investigate these situations to help prevent additional people from getting sick.

Public health advisories are issued for recalls and outbreaks when there are specific steps that consumers should take to protect themselves. These advisories include information on how to identify products affected and suggestions for handling these foods if you have them at home.

What Should You Do If You Have a Recalled Item?

For a food or beverage recall, specific information is given to help identify the food or beverage affected. This typically includes the type of food, which brands are included, and the product’s “use by” date. This information must match for a product to be considered part of the recall. If it doesn’t match the recall information, then it is generally considered safe to use.

If a food or beverage is part of a food recall, it should not be consumed. You may be able to return the item for a refund at the place it was purchased. Otherwise, it should be thrown out. This includes any leftovers you may have in the refrigerator or freezer that used the recalled products.

If you identify a food in your home that was part of a food recall, make sure to clean any of the surfaces it may have touched during storage. This includes food storage containers as well as refrigerator or freezer shelves.

Food Safety for High-Risk Groups

While anyone can become sick from a foodborne illness, some groups of people are at a higher risk of serious side effects if they consume food that has these harmful bacteria or viruses. Individuals who are pregnant, children, older adults, and people with cancer, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, organ transplants, or autoimmune disorders are all at increased risk.

Those individuals are often advised to avoid certain high-risk foods, such as the following:

  • Raw (unpasteurized) milk or cheese
  • Undercooked or raw eggs, meat, and fish
  • Hot dogs and lunch meats
  • Raw sprouts
  • Premade deli salads, such as ham, egg, or tuna salads

Safer alternatives to these foods include pasteurized dairy products, eggs and meat cooked to their appropriate internal temperature, deli meats heated to steaming, and deli salads made at home. It also is advisable to wash fruits and vegetables before cooking or eating.

Stay Informed

For live updates on food recalls and public health advisories, check the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services initiative at FoodSafety.gov.

Other ways to stay informed include brushing up on food safety. Remember to wash your hands when preparing, serving, or eating food, and always cook foods to their appropriate temperatures. These simple steps can help reduce the spread of foodborne illness.

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Autism awareness Understanding the spectrum and the importance of accountability

Autism awareness has grown significantly over the years, but misconceptions persist—misconceptions that often do more harm than good. Many people mistakenly believe that behaviors such as aggression, elopement (running away), or inappropriate touching are inherent to autism. Others believe that children on the spectrum must be shielded from discomfort rather than taught how to handle real-world challenges.

These ideas are not just wrong—they can prevent children from developing the skills they need to succeed. Autism is a spectrum of traits, but it is not an excuse for inappropriate behavior, nor a reason to avoid necessary challenges. The focus should be on teaching, adapting, and reinforcing accountability, not on allowing harmful behaviors or reinforcing sensitivities through over-accommodation.

Misconception 1: Everyone is “somewhere on the spectrum”

Many believe that autism exists on a linear scale, with individuals falling somewhere between “mild” and “severe.” The reality is that autism is a collection of traits that everyone exhibits to varying degrees—but simply having some traits does not mean someone is autistic.

For example, some people—both autistic and neurotypical—may do the following:

  • Struggle with social cues and understanding personal space.
  • Prefer routine and predictability over change.
  • Have sensory sensitivities (e.g., loud noises, strong smells, certain textures).
  • Experience intense focus on specific interests.

The difference is that for individuals diagnosed with autism, these traits become so extreme that they interfere with daily functioning—affecting communication, independence, and relationships. Simply having traits that overlap with autism does not mean that a person is autistic.

This distinction is important because it shifts the focus from labeling individuals as “on” or “off” the spectrum to identifying specific challenges and providing appropriate support.

Misconception 2: Aggression, elopement, and inappropriate touching are part of autism

One of the most damaging myths about autism is that behaviors like aggression, running away (elopement), and inappropriate touching are symptoms of autism itself. This is false.

  • Autism does not cause aggression.
  • Autism does not cause a child to run away.
  • Autism does not cause inappropriate touching.

These behaviors occur because of a lack of boundaries, structure, or consequences, not because of autism. When neurotypical children hit, touch people inappropriately, or run away, they are corrected and disciplined. However, when an autistic child exhibits these behaviors, many parents and educators wrongly excuse it, saying such things as “He can’t help it—he’s autistic”; “She doesn’t understand—she’s on the spectrum”; or “There’s nothing we can do.”

This excuse-based mindset allows these behaviors to continue unchecked. Instead of reinforcing self-regulation, accountability, and appropriate alternatives, it sends the message that autistic children cannot control their actions—which is not true.

Misconception 3: Sensory sensitivities should be avoided, not overcome

Another damaging belief is that children on the spectrum should be shielded from any discomfort rather than taught how to handle real-world challenges. Over-accommodation reinforces sensitivities, rather than helping a child adapt.

Every baby is startled by loud noises and unexpected sounds. A child on the spectrum may have a more extreme reaction, but the brain is capable of desensitization through repeated exposure. The key is gradual, controlled desensitization—not avoidance.

Real-Life Example: Desensitization vs. Accommodation

One child struggled with the loud sounds of a car wash and public restroom toilets. Instead of avoiding those situations:

  • Her mother took her through the car wash repeatedly until she no longer cried.
  • Her father spent hours in public restrooms flushing toilets until she no longer reacted.

Some may view this as punitive, but it was actually a critical step toward her functioning in the real world. Had the parents avoided car washes and public restrooms, she would have continued to experience severe distress whenever faced with those unavoidable noises. Instead, through consistent exposure, her brain adapted.

Why Over-Accommodation Is Harmful

 

Many parents immediately remove the triggers (using noise-canceling headphones, avoiding public places, limiting activities). While this may seem helpful in the short term, it reinforces avoidance behavior and makes the world feel even more overwhelming as the child grows older.

  • If a child is never taught how to handle loud environments, they may struggle with shopping malls, airports, movie theaters, and concerts.
  • If a child is always given special accommodations instead of learning coping strategies, they may struggle with workplace expectations and social relationships in adulthood.

The goal of early intervention should be helping children adjust to the world, not reshaping the world to eliminate every challenge.

The Key to Success: Accountability and Exposure, Not Excuses

Autism affects each individual differently, and some children require extra instruction and reinforcement to develop social and emotional regulation. However, this does not mean they are incapable of following rules or learning to cope with discomfort.

  • Aggression should be addressed through emotional regulation strategies, communication alternatives, and immediate consequences.
  • Elopement should be handled with structured transitions, visual schedules, and direct instruction on safety awareness.
  • Inappropriate touching should be corrected with clear social skills training and reinforcement of personal boundaries.

If a child acts out, the behavior should not be excused—it should be corrected and replaced with an appropriate alternative

Final Thought: The Goal Is Independence, Not Excuses

True autism awareness isn’t about labeling behaviors as part of a diagnosis—it’s about recognizing that every child is capable of learning, growing, and improving when given the right tools.

By shifting the conversation away from excuses and avoidance and toward structured teaching, self-regulation, and accountability, children on the spectrum are given the best chance for success—not just in school, but in life.

Dr. Lance Fein is the executive director of AEF Schools. AEF helps students build the skills they need to thrive academically and in life. With a curriculum designed to enhance cognitive, social, and life skills, AEF goes beyond academics to ensure that each student gains the confidence and independence needed for long-term success. To learn more, visit www.aefschools.com

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Understanding culinary lingo

Braise, broil, poach, simmer: What does it all mean? Following healthful recipes is easier if you understand cooking vocabulary. Whether you are new to the kitchen or just need a refresher, understanding the basics of common cooking techniques will help you navigate through recipes and get healthy meals on the table with ease. From slicing to steaming, here is how to talk the talk in the kitchen.

The Bs, Cs, and Ds of Cooking

  • Bake:type of dry-heat cooking—food is cooked using the hot air surrounding it, usually in an oven
  • Barbecue (grill):type of dry-heat cooking—to roast or broil food over a source of heat like charcoal or hardwood fire
  • Boil:type of moist-heat cooking—a liquid is brought to a boil, and food is cooked in it
  • Braise: to brown, then simmer slowly over low heat in a small amount of liquid in a covered pot, on the stove or in the oven
  • Broil: to cook using a direct heat source, usually under a heating element in the oven, but it also can be done over the flame of a grill
  • Chop:to cut food into smaller pieces of no particular size or shape
  • Deep-fry:type of dry-heat cooking—cooking food by submerging it in hot oil
  • Dice:to cut foods into uniform, square pieces
  • Dry-heat cooking: methods that use hot air, the heat from a pan or grill, or hot fat to cook foods

From G to Ps & Qs

  • Grate:to create small (fine or coarsely shredded) pieces by rubbing food against a serrated surface
  • Mince:to cut food into very small pieces
  • Moist-heat cooking:methods that use water or liquids such as broth to cook foods
  • Panbroil:to cook uncovered in a preheated skillet without added fat or water
  • Poach: type of moist-heat cooking—to cook gently in simmering liquid
  • Quadriller:to make a crisscross pattern on the outside of grilled or broiled food

R to Z

  • Roast:type of dry-heat cooking—to cook uncovered with dry heat in the oven or in a fire
  • Sauté:type of dry-heat cooking—to cook quickly in a small amount of fat
  • Simmer:type of moist-heat cooking—cooking food in a hot liquid that is bubbling but not boiling
  • Slice:to cut through or across into slices, generally of uniform size
  • Steam:type of moist-heat cooking—to cook a food over boiling water with the steam heat, or wrapped in foil or leaf (such as banana leaves) packets over boiling water or on a grill
  • Stew: to cook in a liquid, in a tightly covered pot over low heat
  • Stir-fry:to cook small pieces of food over high heat, stirring continuously—generally with only a small amount of oil
  • Zest:to scrape the outer rind of a piece of citrus fruit for flavoring

Be in the Know

Knowing these culinary techniques can help to bring out the flavor of foods without adding a lot of extra ingredients or calories. The healthiest cooking methods require only a little amount of fat:

  • Sautéing and stir-frying use a small amount of oil, compared with frying or deep-frying.
  • Steaming helps foods retain more nutrients, because they are not soaking in water, as is the case with boiling.
  • Grilling also can influence the flavor of foods, but it’s important to avoid charring them, which occurs when foods turn black.
  • Marinating meats and vegetables prior to grilling can help add flavor and keep them moist.

And remember, cooking all foods at the appropriate internal temperatures is important, regardless of how the food is prepared!

 

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A haven of healing for wild animals

A little over a year ago, the well-renowned Busch Wildlife Sanctuary moved to a new home in Jupiter to become even more of a savior for animals that need rehabilitation and healing. This nonprofit wildlife center almost tripled in size at its new, expansive, natural campus.

Now on 20 acres, Busch Wildlife Sanctuary supports the rehab and release of animals brought through its doors, and the staff care for those that can’t be returned to their natural habitats. They provide emergency and ongoing medical care to 6,000 sick, injured, or orphaned animals every year, accepting more than 50 animals a day.

My animal-loving adult son and I recently took a trip there to check out what sounded like an impressive new refuge, located in west Jupiter just off Indiantown Road on Rocky Pines Road.

Billed as a “one-of-a-kind encounter and opportunity for education about Florida’s unique wild animals and natural environment,” Busch Wildlife Sanctuary proved to indeed be a rare find and a perfect place to bring injured wildlife. They report that 90% of the animals treated in their rehab center had suffered from human-related injuries, which was one of many sobering facts we learned there.

 The good news is that many of the rehabilitated animals are released back into natural habitats across Palm Beach County. Those with injuries that are too severe to return to the wild become permanent residents of the sanctuary.

“Our animal residents are ambassadors to educate and inspire people to engage in local conservation efforts,” according to the facility. “We want to raise an active community of people who cherish, enjoy, and protect the wildlife and our natural environment.”

My visit there was soon after a hurricane-spawned tornado had swept through the region. An employee told me that the animals had been safely brought into the property’s Category 5 building, which was built to withstand hurricanes and other natural disasters. All animals, structures, and habitats were unharmed that week, with the exception of a few newly planted trees onsite.

My son and I walked around the well-landscaped grounds and saw many different kinds of animals. Included at the property are black bears, Florida bobcats, river otters, bald eagles, water birds, raccoons, foxes, alligators, small tortoises, gopher tortoises, box turtles, and more. There is a Songbird Garden, Birds of Prey Trail, Reptile Complex, and Small Mammal Complex.

We met Charlie, a 5-year-old mountain lion who had been trafficked in California in the illegal pet trade. He was kept as a pet and declawed on all four paws. State officials eventually rescued him and gave him to the nonprofit Conservation Ambassadors, who cared for him for a couple years. Then Charlie made the trek this year in a transport van from California to Florida, where he will live out his life in the sanctuary.

Just on the other side of the fence from Charlie’s large natural habitat, we saw another big cat, a cougar that had been rescued from a forest fire in California. The two animals couldn’t share an enclosure, but they both like to run alongside the fence that separated them and playfully interact with each other from either side, to ours and other visitors’ amusement. We also got to see two bears that do share a habitat, because they are sisters that were rescued together.

Held daily at the site’s Educational Amphitheater is a “Conservation Conversation,” which is an informational and entertaining presentation by two park employees with their “animal ambassadors.” Seated on wooden benches in this lovely natural setting, we got to hear about these animals’ stories and see them close up as one staffer brought them into the audience for everybody to experience. Our ambassadors that day were a gopher turtle, an opossum, and a tiny, one-eyed owl. We learned what caused these animals to initially come to the sanctuary, why they were permanent residents there, and what humans can do better to protect our native wildlife.

There are lots of other opportunities for education about wildlife conservation at this sanctuary. Various educational activities are held daily at some of the animal habitats, and visitors get to have a rare close-up view of some amazing, beautiful creatures.

Admission to Busch Wildlife Sanctuary is by donation. Every dollar counts to help save and nurture these animals, and we were happy to donate to this noble cause.

For more information, go to www.buschwildlife.org.

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Going Baroque? ‘Splendor and Passion’ coming to Boca art museum

The Boca Raton Museum of Art will hold the world premiere of the historic Spanish Baroque art exhibition, “Splendor and Passion: Baroque Spain and Its Empire,” beginning Nov. 7 and going through March 30. The exhibition is organized in partnership with the Hispanic Society Museum & Library in New York City, which features a timeless collection of 57 Baroque masterpieces, evolving around 17th-century Europe.

What Is the Baroque Period and Why Did It Start?

Times were looking a bit gloomy after the High Renaissance period that lasted into the mid-16th century. The Mannerism style, between 1520 and 1600, was a reaction to the Renaissance’s idealized naturalism. People didn’t like it and wanted change. However, times grew turbulent, marked by significant political and religious upheaval after the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation. Baroque art originated in Rome and spread throughout Italy and other European countries, including France, Spain, Portugal, Austria, south Germany, and Poland. 

 Melchor Pérez Holguín, “Saint Peter of Alcántara and Saint Teresa”

Although the prior period was composed of harmonious, idealized, and balanced compositions, the new focus took to emotion in a dramatical sequence of exaggerated motion. It consisted of fine detail easily interpreted as a response to the Mannerist distortions and the idealizations that preceded it. 

A lot of political instability existed during the emergence of the Baroque period. Europe was rife with wars, revolutions, and power struggles. With these chaotic conditions, the artists of the time wanted the freedom to express themselves without the High Renaissance perfection constraints. Consequentially, much of Baroque art mirrored the dramatically dark themes. The gloominess of the times acted as an overture to the darkness compounding into the compositions of this new wave.

In Spain, the Baroque period was a time of great artistic achievement that reflected the country’s landscape, politically, socially, and religiously. The Catholic Church and the Spanish Inquisition held significant influence on the arts, intending to inspire devotion from the dismounted upheaval of rebellion. Many religious themes held to the period as the Catholic Church aimed to reassert its dominance.

Another factor moving the Baroque period was the advances into new scientific discoveries of the time, and in astronomy, that challenged existing worldviews. Artists expressed not only awe, but also the existential dread that these new discoveries provoked. 

Style, Depiction, and Symbols

The Baroque style’s dramaticism used intense light and shadow to express such strong emotions. Many works were elaborated with ostentatious decorations incorporated into the compositions. Spanish Baroque art, specifically, exercised visual realism with its realistic depictions of subjects often accommodated with somber or melancholic tones. 

Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, “The Prodigal Son Among the Swine”

Similar to other preceding and proceeding art periods, symbolism is used to display the adequate tones of work, much like reading a story. Bartolomé Esteban Murillo’s “The Prodigal Son Among the Swine” shifted concepts but stayed within the message. Instead, Murillo captures the biblical tale of the Prodigal Son in a destitute manner and repenting nature, where the swine serve as a reminder of the consequences of his actions that hang over him.  

Juan Bautista Martínez del Mazo, “Don Martin de Leyva”

Juan Bautista Martínez del Mazo’s portrait of Don Martin de Leyva, or the Count of Monza, is a flat emptiness with the exception of an elegant decoration oddly hanging in the background. It is a unique, yet ghostly minor detail with symbolic significance when accenting Mazo’s subject’s notable characteristics. The true focal point is the light on Leyva’s face and skin that contrasts with the dark attire of one’s military and noble background.

Earlier Works with High Vibrancy of Skill in Light of Characteristics

Style, depiction, and symbols continued: Anthonis Mor van Dashorst was a Netherlandish portrait painter in the 16th century. His “Portrait of a Man” defined the dignified presence of a man with high social standing through rigorous rendering of detail. The use of dramatic light contrasts to categorize the Baroque style. 

Anthonis Mor van Dashorst, “Portrait of a Man” 

The traditional Baroque landscape in technical detail creates the high visual realism that is captured in the artist’s skill of likeness and personality of his subject. Rather than the traditionally natural landscapes of preceded movements, Mor van Dashorst decorates the background by highlighting social symbolism, such as the woman in the portrait who was likely his wife. This helps to shape the power of social status by adding position through the use of emphasis, while drawing the eye of the viewer is also aiding in establishing the emotion brought forth to the focal point.

Sebastián Muñoz, “Maria Luisa of Orléans, Queen of Spain, lying in state”

Here’ye, Queen: The Queen of Spain’s funeral around 1689 brings the resilience of contrast for viewers to indulge in the darkness of emotional Baroque. Sebastián Muñoz, a Spanish painter of the time, splits timelessness into a paradox through the use of darkness and light between the symbolism of good and evil. The story of the composition surrounds the queen in her lying state as emotion pours from the good in light of its poignant context. The grandeur and solemnity of the event in an extracted demonstration of the Catholic Church is a timeless masterpiece with the care of detail. The detail is right down to the hierarchy of the queen’s earlier portrait hung high, as a time of honoring and remembrance. 

Fray Alonso López de Herrera, “Virgin of the Immaculate Conception”

Although Fray Alonso López de Herrara’s “Virgin of the Immaculate Conception” does not necessarily seem as dark and cohesive to the Baroque style as others, the sense of depth and volume combined with the interplay of light and shadow builds the emotional intensity that reflects the Counter-Reformation’s influence to reinforce Catholic doctrine. The swirling movement around the Virgin intensifies emotion with her as the focal point, evoking deep emotional responses through the flowing use of line of her garment. There is a sense of urgency within the realm of tranquility, contradictorily giving light to religion’s portions of belief.

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Guidelines for breast health in October

In the pink is pervasive this month. According to Dictionary.com, the idiom is actually “in the pink of health.” One would think that this is the connection between breast cancer awareness and the pink images that are highly visible. In reality, the symbol is derived from a ribbon’s symbolism as a sign of courage and support, and a promotion by Self magazine and Estee Lauder cosmetics in 1992. The pink ribbon promotion has evolved significantly over the years—from lapel pins, to illuminated skylines in cities nationwide, to the addition of the color and symbol to uniforms in professional sports.

Although we need to be aware of breast health every month, with pink splashed spectacularly on just about everything in October, it brings the topic to the forefront. I am all about living the good life of a healthy lifestyle. And to make sure you’re in the know on keeping “your girls”—aka breasts—healthy, here are a few guidelines.

Maintain a Good Lifestyle

Adjust your lifestyle to limit alcohol, increase fruits and vegetables in the diet, and exercise regularly—these are factors that can help reduce the risk of breast cancer. It is also important to avoid smoking, control weight, and avoid exposure to radiation and environmental pollution. Breastfeeding can be beneficial, and the length and duration of hormone therapy should be limited.

Get Timely Mammograms

Mammograms are considered the gold standard in breast cancer screening. The American Cancer Society recommends that all women get a mammogram every year beginning at age 40. For women with an above-average risk of getting breast cancer, it is suggested that they discuss with their doctors whether they should begin screenings at an earlier age.

Know Your Breasts

Talk to your doctor about the pros and cons of breast self-exams. If you choose to do breast self-exams, your doctor can review how to do them with you. If you know how your breasts “should” feel, when or if there are changes, you may easily recognize that something is atypical and that you should reach out to your health-care provider.

Be Persistent

If you think you feel “something,” and your health-care professional dismisses your concerns, be persistent. You are your best advocate. If necessary, seek another opinion.

Network with Friends

Talk to your network of friends and ask them to share the names of their doctors or clinics. Personal recommendations from people you trust can go a long way when choosing health-care professionals.

Watch for Symptoms

A lump is the symptom we hear about most often, and 80% of lumps turn out to be benign. A lump can feel like a frozen pea or marble or another hard item. This does not mean it is cancer, but if it is still noticeable after a few weeks or it changes size or shape, have your doctor take a look. Some of the other signs that something is amiss are persistent itching, a bug bite–like bump on the skin, and nipple discharge. If you notice something out of the ordinary that continues for a few weeks, again, you will want to check with your doctor.

I’m not trying to create alarm or anxiety; my goal is help guide you along the path of living a healthy lifestyle. Keep these guidelines in mind year-round for good health.

Take-away: You are your best advocate for “being in the pink of good health.” Follow these guidelines and make great choices about your lifestyle.

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Banned in Florida: ‘It tastes like chicken’

There is nothing like a banned food that makes us more curious about it. Sometimes it makes it more attractive to attain.

Some bans are due to the endangered nature of the ingredients, like endangered sea turtles, beluga caviar, and queen conch. Or it’s due to potential risks to human consumption, like the puffer fish, raw ackee fruit, and Kinder surprise eggs (with a toy inside). Or there’s a disease risk, like haggis, due to risks of scrapies from sheep lung in the classic Robert Burns Night dish. Other bans are due to concerns of animal cruelty, like with horse meat or shark fins.

There’s an addition to that list this year, as “cultivated” meat, or lab-grown meat—which is grown from animal stem cells—got the ban hammer in Florida. Other states, such as Alabama, Arizona, and Tennessee, have similar bans on cooking.

The ban doesn’t impact manufactured meat substitutes derived from plants, like tofu-based meat substitutes or Impossible burgers.

Recently, Upside Foods, a start-up working to commercialize cultivated meat, sued to block the ban. So, what is lab-grown meat?

Scientists from the University of Maastricht in Netherlands were the first to create a lab-grown meat designed for human consumption. A hamburger costing more than $300,000 was presented in 2013; the cost was later reduced to around $11 in a few years. The FDA first approved it for U.S. sales in 2023. Also in 2023, the Orthodox Union certified a strain of lab-grown poultry meat as kosher Mehadrin meat, a first in the world.

The cultured meat is grown from animal stem cells. The cells are submerged in a stainless-steel vat of nutrient-rich broth for them to grow and divide. After a few weeks, there is enough protein to harvest. Currently, the food scientists mix the meat and press it into nugget or culet shapes for sale.

For now, lab-grown meat can only be found in a few limited locations, like Bar Crenn, a Michelin-starred eatery in San Francisco, and a Jose Andres restaurant in Washington, DC. It’s not yet widely available.

The objective of the cultivated meat industry is to reduce the environmental impact of meat production, and to be a more sustainable option for the industry. That is a promise not yet proven. The presumption is that when mass-production scale is achieved, it will reduce the land and water use compared to traditional ranching methods.

For those concerned with animal welfare, lab-grown meat introduces a new dimension. A recent poll suggests that half of vegetarians would still prefer to avoid it. Among the total population, the poll suggests about two-thirds will give lab-grown meat a try.

As society and government try to process the emergence of lab-grown meat, the fledgling industry proclaims the meat as the “safest, best protein on the planet,” as the growing methods avoid contamination due to the pathogens and antibiotics that are common in current methods.

It is also conceivable, in the future, that meat from endangered animals, such as bluefin tuna, can be grown in the lab and reduce the stress on wild populations.

For now, growing and selling cultivated meat is a crime in Florida, except for NASA and the space industry, which have been studying cultivated meat for long-term space missions.

Dean Black, a cattle rancher and Florida representative who supported the bill’s passage, stated concerns of national security, as concentrated protein production may lead to attack. And with the ban, the state hopes to protect “the integrity of American agriculture,” according to Agriculture Commissioner Wilton Simpson. Gov. Ron DeSantis, in his statement, raised concern about the “global elite’s plan to force the world to eat meat grown in a petri dish.”

Others in the legislature were against the bill, such as our local state representative, Rep. Christine Hunschofsky. She called it a “food fight” and said that it “sends a bad message” to both researchers and businesses who are trying to grow a nascent industry.

Even though the FDA approved the lab-grown meats as safe, it doesn’t mean that they’re healthy. We’ve learned this from studies showing that ultra-processed foods have negative health implications. Even if the ingredients that go into ultra-processed foods are all safe, it’s better to eat minimally processed options. The new industry is still working to show that the micronutrients you find in your grocery store meat are present in the lab-grown variety.

So the jury is still out on the new culinary frontier, but early reviewers who have tried the cultured meat have given it good reviews. An Associated Press reviewer, who tried a cultured chicken, commented that it “tastes like chicken.”

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Sawgrass Nature Center… Where wildlife is rescued, and people learn about nature

You can have a nice brush with wildlife and nature at a hidden gem within Sportsplex Park in Coral Springs. Sawgrass Nature Center & Wildlife Hospital is a nonprofit facility on 5 acres of land. It seems part farm, part zoo, part museum, part conservation park, part wetlands, and part animal hospital. You can see all kinds of wildlife being rehabilitated in their natural habitats here.

I went recently on a Saturday afternoon with family members, and we all enjoyed it. For only the cost of a $5 donation, we got to see a variety of wildlife up close, including owls, gopher tortoises, alligators, snakes, guinea hens, black vultures, fancy pigeons, Amazon parrots, red-tailed hawks, and a mix of reptiles. Many of them are orphaned, disabled, or nonreleasable, and there are informative signs on their enclosures telling us their names and brief stories.

There are two buildings at the site: (1) a multipurpose building with animals to view in cages, museum-style educational materials, a nature gift shop, a meeting room, and more; and (2) the wildlife hospital where wild native animals are treated, rehabilitated, and released back into the wild. The hospital was not open when we visited, but I understand they do great work there and provide medical care for all the animals and birds brought to them.

We did get to see all the wildlife in the nature center’s permanent exhibit area. Animals are housed in natural-looking habitats and birds in beautiful aviaries. We did the full self-tour (which doesn’t take too long), seeing all the creatures and learning about what brought them there, and we explored the shady grounds. One can also learn something about Florida wetlands while at Sawgrass Nature Center. “It’s a unique place where people of all ages can come to observe birds, mammals, reptiles, and native plants and learn to appreciate the beauty of nature in South Florida,” according to the center.

This place is especially known for its educational programs, which focus on Florida’s native wildlife and their natural habitats. They feature live animals in these programs, along with specimens, artifacts, and other presentation materials. There’s a large, airy outdoor classroom on the grounds to hold educational sessions, lectures, summer and holiday camps, parties, and other group activities. That day, a young girl’s birthday party was going on in there and at the animal habitats nearby, and the kids seemed to be having a great time.

The nature center has a strong environmental component in its programs, and it typically serves around 3,000 students annually, with field trips to the venue and outreach programs in the schools. Volunteers conduct programs on ecology, natural history, wildlife rehabilitation, and conservation. Field excursions provide opportunities to view, photograph, or sketch wildlife in their natural surroundings. And there are weekly preschool activities for the youngest learners. Virtual programs are another option where people can learn about Florida’s wildlife and ecosystems. A lot of education from this small place!

It also was interesting learning about why some of the animals were initially brought to the facility. Not all of the wildlife here are hurt, although we did learn about birds that couldn’t fly and residents with other impactful injuries. We read about a tortoise initially being gifted as a pet. Well, that tortoise grew to be huge, and it must have been too much to handle so was taken to the center, where it now has a good home and is obviously well cared for. Other animals are rehabbed and released.

The nature center provides a variety of educational programs to increase people’s awareness of the wildlife around them and to encourage the preservation of natural habitats. By stimulating curiosity about the natural world, providing some fascinating ecological insights, and caring for the creatures entrusted to them, Sawgrass Nature Center is doing a great thing. Funded chiefly by donations, it’s totally worth a visit and supporting their work. Check it out soon!

For more information and to sign up for an educational program or tour, go to sawgrassnaturecenter.org.

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