The last day of Florida’s lobster season was March 31, and the seasons for grouper and hogfish don’t open until May 1, so what’s an underwater hunter to do in April?
Spearfishing expert Jim “Chiefy” Mathie sets his sights on a great-tasting exotic fish.
“There’s really not a lot of species to go after because of the lack of opportunity for lobster, hogfish, and grouper,” said Mathie, a retired Deerfield Beach fire chief. “So we target lionfish.”
Native to the South Pacific Ocean, lionfish were first discovered off South Florida in the mid-1980s. The belief is that the lionfish were someone’s pets and when the fish outgrew their aquarium, the owner dumped them in the ocean. From there, the invasive lionfish have spread throughout the Caribbean, into the Gulf of Mexico, down to South America, and up the Atlantic coast to North Carolina.
The fish have no natural predators in those waters, which means bigger reef fish such as grouper don’t realize they can eat them. Lionfish feast on tiny grouper, snapper, shellfish, and other native species. Left unchecked, lionfish can take over a reef. That’s where spear-fishers come in.
Although lionfish are here to stay — researchers in submarines have documented lionfish in 1,000 feet of water off South Florida — divers with pole spears and spearguns do their part by reducing the lionfish population. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission is doing its part to combat the lionfish invasion by having no size or bag limits and no closed season. The agency has an informative web page at myfwc.com/fishing/saltwater/recreational/lionfish.
Mathie, who said he and his dive buddies had “an outstanding lobster season” diving primarily in 35 to 45 feet of water, noted that spear-fishers keep lionfish populations under control on coral reefs in those depths.
“We’ve seen a few lionfish, but in this location we do a very good job of harvesting lionfish in the shallow waters, just because it gets a lot of pressure from the divers. That’s actually a good thing because we’re kind of keeping them in check shallow,” said Mathie, author of the lobstering and spearfishing books “Catching the BUG” and “Catching the Spear-it!” that are available at local dive shops and online.
Deeper reefs that don’t receive that much pressure tend to have more and bigger lionfish, so that’s where Mathie and his Chiefy crew hunt.
“We change our tactics in April to head out into roughly the 80- to 100-foot depth. We call that the third reef or the east side of the third reef,” Mathie said. “It also gives us an opportunity to check out what’s going on out there, because lionfish and lobster like the same terrain. So those are areas that, when the season allows us, we can go back to for lobster. So it’s kind of a mixed bag for us from that standpoint. While you can’t take them, you can certainly explore and find some new locations.”
Lionfish are an ideal species for divers new to spearfishing because, as Mathie noted, they don’t swim around a lot, so they’re easy to shoot, especially compared with grouper and hogfish, which are the ultimate species for the majority of underwater hunters.
Given their small size — the state-record lionfish speared in the Atlantic Ocean was 18.78 inches off of Islamorada, and an 18.7-inch, 3.77-pounder shot last year off of Destin is the Gulf of Mexico state record — lionfish don’t require the use of big spearguns. Mathie and his crew use 3- to 4-foot, hand-held pole spears with three- or five-prong tips, which prevent a fish from spinning after it is speared.
Lionfish have 18 venomous spines, 13 on the top and five on the bottom, so care must be taken when handling them. Getting stung by a spine can cause intense pain. The pectoral fins, which are not venomous, give the fish its name because when they’re fanned out in the water, they look like a lion’s mane.
“Typically, after you spear them, you treat them like a bass. You put your thumb in their mouth and you hold them; that way you’re pretty much away from their spines,” Mathie said. “What we like to do is use a pair of paramedic (or trauma) shears to trim up those venomous spines. But there is an element of danger when you’re trimming them up under the water with shears.”
Mathie said a safer alternative is to use a Zookeeper, “a plastic tube with a one-way funnel. You keep the lionfish on the spear and stick the fish in there without having to touch it at all, pull the spear back out, and the lionfish stays in that tube.”
The hard-sided Zookeeper, which is manufactured in Sunrise, also keeps the spines from accidentally touching your body as you swim. They are sold online and at local dive stores.
This time of year, Mathie and his friends try to fill their Zookeepers, put the fish in a cooler when they get back in the boat, and fillet them at the dock.
“They’re excellent eating,” Mathie said. “They have a pure white fillet, no bloodline, a flaky texture, and almost a sweet taste. You can do anything with them. You can make ceviche or sear them in olive oil with salt and pepper and eat it right out of the pan, it’s that good.”
And that alone is a good enough reason to keep diving this month instead of waiting until May.